(prepared by Zoran Milutinovic and Sanja Ivannevic, Zemun Clinical Center, Belgrade)

Highligts
*Foundation of the first Department of Phoniatrics in (ex)Yugoslavia by Prof.Dr.Ducan Cvejic (1955).
*Foundation of the Union of European Phoniatricians (UEP), Serbia, Belgrade 1971. Prof.Cvejic was one of the Initiators for foundation of the UEP and acted as the Founding President.
*Foundation of the International Association of Phonosurgeons (IAP), Serbia, Belgrade 1990. Prof.Milutinovic was an Initiator, Founder and Foundation President.

Hotel Yugoslavia, Belgrade 1990. The first Board IAP. H.Mahieu (President Elect), H.Tucker, D.Cvejic (Honorary President), J.Hirschberg, M.Accordi (Treasurer), Z.Milutinovic (Foundation President, Secretary General Elect), Z.Kresa, M.Tanabe.

Professional state
Phoniatrics is an official subspecialty of ENT (training duration-12 months), with 3 university departments and 6 doctors.

Education and training
A) Phoniatrics in the frame of ENT. Training of the basic diagnostic and therapeutic skills (duration-3/48 months). Essentials of objective evaluation, normal and disturbed phonatory patterns.
B) Subspecialty of Phoniatrics, 12 months training for ENT specialists.

. Program
- Clinical anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of phonation and articulation.
- Pathology of the larynx.
- Etiology of the voice and speech disorders.
- Diagnostic methods (including videostroboscopy, acoustic analysis etc.).
- Clinics of the voice and speech disorders.
- Medication and non-surgical therapeutic procedures.
- Basic phonosurgical procedures.
- Principles of the voice and speech therapy.
- Therapy of the professional voice users.
- Prevention of the voice and speech disorders.

Examination
by the 3 member Board of Examiners, followed by a public presentation of a phoniatric thesis (which is judged by the 3 member Board of Examiners).
C) Postgraduate programs include M.S. and Ph.D. degree studies in phoniatrics.

Research, main topics
- Normal histology of the vocal fold.
- Histology of the benign vocal fold lesions. Classification.
- Phonosurgical procedures.
- Phonatory patterns. Objective measures.

Associations
None, since 1991.

Outstanding personalities
Dusan Cvejic, Zoran Milutinovic
c.f. Personalities